NARRATIVE REVIEW OF USING PSYCHOBIOTICS AND NUTRITIONALLY BALANCED DIETS TO PROMOTE MENTAL HEALTH AND WELLNESS

Abstract

Introduction: The gut microbiota is essential for digestion, nutrient absorption, and overall health, with the gut-brain axis linking it to mental and neurological function. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in gut bacteria, is associated with mental health disorders like anxiety and depression. Psychobiotics, a promising subgroup of probiotics, may help treat these conditions by reducing inflammation, stress, and improving cognitive function. Objectives were to analyse the gut-brain axis and its impact on mental health issues.
Results: Bidirectional communication between the brain and gastrointestinal tract regulates homeostasis and nervous, immune, and hormonal functions, with the vagus nerve linking the gut and brain. Psychobiotics, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli found in fermented foods, support cognitive and emotional health by influencing neurotransmitter synthesis and reducing inflammation. While promising, psychobiotics are most effective when used alongside conventional treatments for mental health conditions like depression and anxiety.
Discussion and conclusion: The brain-gut axis regulates homeostasis at neuronal, immunological, and hormonal levels, with psychobiotics like Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli supporting both digestive and mental health. Found in fermented foods, psychobiotics show potential in improving neuropsychiatric conditions, reducing inflammation, and enhancing cognitive and emotional functions, particularly as part of synbiotics or complementary therapies.