NAVIGATING THE LEGAL AND ETHICAL BOUNDARIES OF EMBRYO STATUS: A BALKAN PERSPECTIVE WITH A FOCUS ON BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Abstract

The status of the human embryo remains one of the most debated issues at the intersection of science, ethics, and law. This paper explores the ethical, legal, and scientific perspectives on the embryo, with a particular focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina. A comparative analysis of legal frameworks across the Balkans highlights inconsistencies and gaps in regulation, particularly regarding embryo research and extended in vitro culture. Religious perspectives, predominantly shaped by monotheistic traditions, further complicate policy-making in this domain. By integrating scientific findings, ethical debates, and legal texts, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of the embryo, emphasizing the need for legislative reforms in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The discussion underscores the importance of harmonizing national laws with European standards, such as the SOHO Directive and ESHRE guidelines, while considering the region's unique socio-cultural and religious landscape. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy changes, advocating for the extension of embryo culture up to the 14th day and the introduction of regulated research within IVF laboratories. These proposed changes aim to balance ethical concerns with scientific progress and align Bosnia and Herzegovina’s legislation with contemporary European practices.